Tire.



L. J.' CAMPBELL.

TIRE.

APPLICATION ,FILED NOV. 20,1914.

Patented Jan. 22,1918.

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LEON J'Y (JMIPBELL, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

TIRE.

narrante,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented dan. 22, fhtw.

@riginal application med May 25, 1914, Serial No. 840,677. Divided and this application tiled November 2G,

' 19m. serial No. 873,080..

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, LEON J. Caiirrnpn, a citizen ofthe United States, and a resldent yof Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tires; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying draw ings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specication.

'I his invention relates to vehicle tires and more particularly to that type of tires known as pneumatic tires.

Pneumatic tires comprise an outer casing which in general embraces an inner fabric lining and an outer rubber tread, the latter being secured to said inner lining by means of an adhesive material. Such tires are called upon to support exceedingly heavy loads and the rubber treads thereof are subjected not only to the propelling strains but also to severe flexing strains in the travel of the tires over the road way. Under such strains, the rubber treads flex in all. directions and by reason of such flexure, said rubber treads tend to pull away and become separated from the inner lining, with the result that the rubber treads are stripped 'from the inner lining in the use of the tires.

Among the objects of my invention is to improve the construction of tires'of the kind referred to in the several particulars as will hereinafter appear and to provide in partic ular a fabric, adapted to be interposed bea tween the rubber tread and inner lining of the tire, such fabric being secured to the inner lining and serving to connect the rubber tread with said inner lining. The fabric permits the rubber tread to yield in all directions under the propelling and flexing strains without affecting the connection of the rubber tread with the fabric and therefore, without affecting the connection of the fabric with the inner lining. The fabric holds the tread thereto and prevents the tread and lining from separating and thereby prevents the tread from being stripped from said lining in the travel of the tire over the roadway.

'Ihis invention consists further in the matters hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the appended claim.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan view on an exaggerated scale of a portion of the fabric woven in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is an edge view on a like scale of the fabric shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a similar view of the fabric showing the same and the rubber parts which constitute the outer rubber casing and tread of the tire assembled before the rubber parts and fabric are united by vulcanizing such rubber parts;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4--4 of Fig. 1 and showing the rubber parts and fabric united after the rubber parts have been vulcanized;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4; Y

Fig. 6 is a vertical or cross-sectional vie of an outer casing of a pneumatic tire, showing a fabric woven in accordance with my invention applied as a breaker strip and in terposed between and securing the rubber tredad to the fabric lining of said tire casing; an

Fig. 7 is a' sectional view taken on the curved line 7-7 of Fig. G.

Referring to the drawings, I have shown in Fig. 1 thereof on an exaggerated scale, a portion of a fabric woven in accordance with my invention. As shown, said fabric A is composed of a plurality of parallel laterally separated stout, or relatively thick, threads 10, 11, 12, 13. As illustrated, said stout threads are spaced equal distances apart and are larger in diameter than the other threads of the fabric. Between each of said stout threads are arranged a plurality of threads 14, 14 preferably parallel to each other and to said stout threads. Said threads 14, 14 are smaller in diameter than said stout threads and are arranged in the same plane as the bottoms of the latter. Interwoven with said threads 14, 14 to form the body of the fabric are a plurality of preferably parallel threads 15, 16, 17, the latter being also interwoven with the said stout threads in the manner presently to be described, so as to secure said stout threads to the body of the fabric. Said stout threads to 13, being larger in diaineter than therother threads, 14 to 17, the stout threads project above theplane 'of the bodjy7 of the fabric or to one side thereof. 1n the fabric A shown, the tlireadsn14T-,H14Y extend longitudinally of the-fabric and are,-theiefore, the warp threads. The threads 15, 16,

17 extend transversely across the fabric or the warp threads and are, therefore, the `'woof-threads.'

-'ll-heqcioss.or woef threads, 15, 16, '17 are interwoven with the stout and warp. threads in the following manner:

, The woef or cross thread 15. exten-dsl the full width of the body of the fabricand that portion of the wcof thread 15 to the -left ofthe stout threadlO., is picked iup and constitutes a loop a 'extending between the stoutthrea'd lO'an'd `the stontthreafd (not shown) Vtothe left thereof. Said loop a extends above and a'crcss all of the vwarp threads '14, libetween the stout threads inst mentioned. The space forine'd between the loop aand the bodyof the fabric therebelow is adapted to receive a .filling of rubher which may be inthe forni of 'a strip or block to be hereinafter referred to. Une

vend yof said loop a, namely the right hand yen-dthereof, passes from Vover the top Vof Asaid vstout thread 10 Idown and around the right side thereof and under `the warp thread 1st iniinedf'ately to the righ-t of said f stout thread 10 :and continues into a portion r7)*"extendingbetween and below the tcps of the next two sto-utthreads 11, 12. Said portion "b is interwoven with the warp threads 1141, 14 between said stout threads 11,712.

v (See Fig. 2.) Said portion b passes under the said stout thread 11, as best shown .in Fie'. 2. upwardly from under the warp thread 11 The woef thread 15 then extends iminediatel)T to the lleft :of t-he stout thread .12 and passes over the top of said stout thread 12 and extends between the latter andthe stout thread 13 to the right lthereof. This portion of the woef thread 15 fornis another iloop o, the latter being above and vextending across all ofthe warp 'threads 14e, 1211 between said stout threads 12 and As in the case of the loo-p a, the loop lc M .forrns a space between the saine and the body of `the fabric therebel-ow. One end `of said loop c, to wit, the right hand end therejof,-passes down .a-nd about the stout thread 13 to the right thereof and under the warp thread 14 immediately to the right of said stent thread The loop c continues into a portion d, the latter being interwoven with the yremaining warp threads between the two stout threads (not shown) to the rightroftlie said stout thread 13 as in the fcaee of the portion -b -of the woof thread 15.

AThe woef yor Vcross thread 15 is thus inter- Vwoven throughout the width of the fabric and has loop portion raised above the thread 10.

body of the fabric between every three stout threads.

The nexteross or woofthread 16 has a portion e thereof interwoven with those warp threads 1d, 11 between the two stout threads (not shown -to the left of the said stout thread 10. Said portion e is thus interwoven with those warp threads 11, 1-1 over which the loop o of said woof thread 15 extends. Said woof thread 16 extends -upwardly from under the warp thread 1.4 Jinnnediately to the left of the stout thread 10 and then passes in the form of a loop f over and betweenth'e 'stout threads 10 and 11.V Said loopif 'extends across and above .all of the warpY threads 14:, .14- between said .stout threadslO and 11 with the portion Z) 'of said woef thread 15 interwoven with the warp threads therebelow. Said loop or pick passes freni over the top of the stout lthread 11, downwardly about the right side ythereof and under the warp thread 1'liinine'diately to the rig-ht of the latter and is -interwoven with the warp threads 14, 11

between said stout thread 11 and the next two stout threads 12, 13 to the right of said stout thread 11. Such portion of said woof thread 1G is indcated by g, and extends iinder the stout thread 12 and is interwoven Vwith the warp threads 1-1, 11 acrof's and Y' across all of Lhe warp 4threads 1i, 11- between the stout thread 13 and the 'one to the right thereof and with which the portion d of said woof thread 15 is interwoven.

ffhe next woof thread 17 also 'extends the full width 'of the fabric and its portion ,7' is interwoven with the warp lthreads 11, 111 between the stout threads 10 and 11 and V'the yone (not. shown) to the left of said stout Said portion j is interwoven with the warp threads across and above which the loop f of the woof thread 1G extends. The portion 'b Iof the woof thread 15 and the portion 7' of the woof thread 17 are interwoven with the warp threads ll-, 14 between the stent threads 10, 11. and such portions together with said warp threads forni the body of the fabric below the loop f of the cross thread 1G. Such portion j extends upwardly froni i'nider the warp thread 14 immediately to t-he left of the stout thread 11, over the top of the latter and forins a loop L which extends between the ystout threads 11 and 12 and above and :across 4all #of the warp threads 14. 14 between said stout threads 11, 12. The nonraised portions?) and g of said woef threads ll. U

15, 16, respectively, are interwoven with the warp threads across and above which said loop In extends and the portions b, g form with said warp threads, the body of the fabric below said loop la. Said loop la extends down around to the right of said stout thread 12 and under the warp 14 immediately to the right thereof and continues into the portion Z interwoven with the warp threads 14, 14 betweensaid stout threads 12 and 13 and the stout thread (not shown) immediately to the right thereof. As shown, said portion Z extends under the stout thread 13. The portion Z and said portion g of said woof threads 16, 17, re-` spectively, form with the warp threads 14, 14 between said stout threads 12, 13 the body of the fabric below said loop c of said cross thread 15.

rll`he next woof or cross thread is interwoven with the warp and stout threads in the same manner as the cross thread 15, and the next two woof threads follow the same path as the two woof or cross threads 16 and 17. In other words, every third wcof or cross thread is interwoven in the same manner as the third woof thread preceding. l

From the above it will be clear, that the set of woof threads are arranged in series, each series comprising three woof threads 15, 16 and 17 respectively, and each thread of 'each series is interwoven in the same manner as the corresponding thread in each series. Each woof thread is interwoven with the warp threads 14, 14 between each three consecutive stout threads to form with the warp threads between said three stout threads. the body of the fabric. Each woof thread has a loop or raised portion picked up above the body of the fabric and extending between two stout threads. lThe body of the fabric below each loop is formed by portions of two adjacent woof threads being interwoven with the warp threads over which said loop extends.v The loops are out of contact with the warp and interwoven portions of the adjacent two woof threads and each set of loops between each two stout threads form a channel adapted to be filled with rubber in the manufacture of the tire. For instance, the loop c of every third woof or cross thread 15 extends between tlie same two stout threads 12, 13 and over and out of contact with the warp threads 14, 14 between said stout threads 12 and 13. The portions g, Z, of the other two adjacent cross threads 16, 17 are interwoven with said warp threads between said stout threads 12, 13 and form therewith the body of the fabric below said series of loops c. The same is true of the other series of loops of the woof threads. The fabric may be woven with the Woof and warp threads close together or in contact with each other so as to give the body of the fabric an eect of being one continuous woven sheet or layer. It is ofcourse to be understood that the body of the fabric may be closely or loosely woven according to which is desired and which will best meet the conditions under which the fabric is to be used. The loops are preferably close together and form in effect a layer of loop-s above the body of the fabric with a series of longitudinal channels B, B below said loops and between the stout threads. The loops passing over the stout threads, the latter serve to hold the loops above the body of the fabric. At the sides of the fabric, the ends of the alternate warp threads' are joined so that said warp threads may be made of one continuous thread. The same is also true of said stout threads. The loops are separated by the portions of the adjacent woof threads interwoven with the warp threads over which said loops extend. The loops of each row are, therefore, separated one from the other laterally, as best shown in Fig. 7. The fabric above described and shown herein, constitutes the subject-matter of my copending application, Serial No. 840,677 filed May 25, 1914, and of which this application is a divisional application.

A fabric woven in the manner as above described and shown in the drawings, is used in the manufacture of tires in the following manner: Each channel B, B is filled with rubber indicated by 18, 18 (see Fig. Each rubber filling 18, 18 substantially lls the channel B, B. The series of loops mf, 7c, c, Z1., extend across and above said rubber fillings 18, 18 and the latter are supported by the body of the fabric below said series of loops. A sheet of rubber 19, of such length and thickness as to Vform the outer rubber part and tread of the tire is placed flatwise upon the series of loops, as shown in Fig. 3. Said tread sheet 19 is supported above the body of the fabric by the stout threads and the series of loops, the latter being interposed or located between the tread strip 19 and the rubber fillings 18, 18. After the parts are assembled as shown in Fig. 3, the fabric and rubber parts 18, 18 and 19 are subjected to a su'iiicient heat so as to vulcanize the rubber and cause the rubber tread 19 and the rubber fillings 18, 18 to unite as one and envelop the series of loops and stout threads, as best shown in Figs. 4 and The rubber fillings 18. 18 soften. and completely lill the channels B, B and envelop the stout threads. The rubber also fills the interstices between the interwoven woof and warp threads of the body of the fabric and the latter becomes in effect embedded in the rubber portion of the tire with the outer surface of the fabric body `forming the inner bearing'surface of the rubber tread. The stout threads project above the body of the fabllt) .-abutpagainst said shoulders and the latter Vscrve'to prevent lateral shifting or` displacement of the tread under the transverse strains to which the tread is subjected in the y travel of thetire over the roadway. Poro vtions of the rubber joining the tread strip 19 `and -the filler porti-ons 1.8, 18 extend through the spaces or slots between the loops i ofeach series of loops and form tongues C,

' Cof rubber connecting such rubber parts as Y `Vin said Fig. Y5.

shown in Fig. 5. SaidFig. 5 is a view onan exaggerated scale and illustrates a-series of loops of woof threads 15, 15. As said Fig. 5 is on an exaggerated scale, theV loops are Vshown as bein-g spaced apart laterally from one another a considerable distance, but in actual practice said loops will be much lcloser together, and the rubber tongues C, C will be much narrower than is shown Said loops of the woof threads being embedded in the rubber tread andaextending therethrough, as shown, serve as an additional means to hold the tread to fthe'fabric kA andact to prevent the rubber treadr'from being `pulled away or being stripped from said fabric A. Before vul- `eanizing the rubber to the fabric A, the latter is united to the upper or outer surface of the inner canvascasing or lining of a tire with the loops uppermost. The rubber tongues C, C, between each of the loops a, f, .72, c, h of Yeach series permit the bodyof the rubber tread to yield in all directions without atfecting Vthe connection of the tread with said fabric A because such yielding takes :place above the body of the fabric A. As a consequence, Vthe means joiningk or connecting `the body of the fabric A with the inner canvas lining ofthe tire is free from such flexing strains and the fabric A will not be pulled or severed from the lining ofthe tire. By permitting the lrubber tread to yield in all directions `above the body of the fabric, the connection of the fabric with .the tire lining is relieved of strains, and it follows, that said `rubbertread does not become separated from the tire lining .and become stripped from the tire in the travel of the latter over lthe roadway, as is the case of tires wherein the rubber tread is directly cemented to the lining. The rubber tread being secured to the tire lining by said fabric A, said rubber tread is anchored to the tire lining and the .separation of the rubbery tread from the tire lining under the severe iexing and propelling strains to which the rubber tread is subjected in the travel of the tire over the the roadway is prevented. The series of loops of the Woof threads, in addition to performing the function stated, yalso serve to resist .the degree yof lateral flexing .of the rubber tongues C, C between the loops and thus relieve the portions of the rubber tread in the channels B. B of strains and the like.

1n said Figx, I have shown my improved 'fabric applied to the outer easing of a pneumatic tire 20. Said fabric is interposed between the rubber tread 21 and the inner canvas casing or lining 22 of said tire for securing the rubber treadvto said lining. As is usual in-tire casings of this character, the lining 22 :comprises a plurality of united superposed layers of canvas or the like, the

. lateral marginal portions of which envelop or inclose the metal or like clencher core pieces 23, 23. My fabric, woven as above dese 1ibed and shown, before bein-g applied to the tire, is cut on the bias and to such width as to cover substantially the tread portion of the tire. Said fabric A is secured to said casing 22 by cement or otherwise before the rubber tread 21 is applied thereto. The rubber fillings 18, 18 are then inserted in the channels B, B in the manner above described, and the rubber forming the rubber tread 21 is placed over the fabric A and fillings 18, 18 and united to the latter by vulcauizing such rubber parts. The rubber tread 21 and rubber fillings 18, 18 unite and form the tread of the tire. The fabric A is thus embedded in said rubber tread. Said fabric A permanently secures the rubber tread 21 .to the lin.- ing 22, and loosening .of the rubber tread from the lining, and stripping of the tread from the tire or lining is prevented. Said fabric A as shown in said Fig. 5 is in. the form .of a breaker strip, but it is, of course, understood that the saine may be cut to such width as to completely surround the canvas lining 22 and hold all portions of the rubber tread to said lining. Then the fabric A is employed as a breaker strip, as shown in Fig. 5, the portions lof the tread 21. on opposite sides Vof said breaker strip are connected to the bearing surface of the lining 22 on opposite sides of said breaker strip.

By securing the rubber tread 21 to the lining or canvas casing 22 by means of my fabric, said rubber tread 21 is permanently secured to the lining and prevented from being stripped from the latter in the travel of the tire over the roadway. The tongues of rubber C, C between each of the loops of each series of loops, unite the rubber tread -21 and rubber fillings 18, 18 in the channels and permit the tread to yield in all directions under the strains to which the same is subjected without affecting the connection of the fabric with the lining 22. r1`he fabric A being Veut on the bias, the same may be readily curved to conform to the transverse contour of the tire without bulging at any point in its length or width. Moreover, the fabric A being eut on the bias, the stout and warp threads 14, 14 extend diagonally across the tessere tire in one direction. As such threads are secured to the canvas lining at each side of the fabric, should one thread break, the other threads crossing the same will hold. ln Fig. 7 is shown, on a slightly exaggerated scale, the positions of the threads when the fabric is cut on the bias and applied to the tire.

An advantage gained in securing the rubber tread to the inner canvas lining of the tirel by means of a fabric A woven as herein described resides in the fact that the rubber tread may yield in all directions under the severe flexing and propelling to which said rubber tread is subjected in the travel of the tire over the roadway, without affecting or causing any material strain or pull to be eX- erted on the points of connection of the rubber tread with the inner canvas lining of the tire and thereby preventing the separation and stripping of the rubber tread from said tire lining. Moreover, by reason of the stout threads and loops, the outer surface of the fabric A is in effect broken or corrugated and the holding surface of the same is in creased. Furthermore, the ends of each loop being interwoven with a plurality of warp threads, the Woof threads are securely held in the body of the fabric and should any one loop break, such broken thread will not be pulled out from the fabric body. As each woof thread embraces aplurality of loops, should one loop break, the remainingloops Y would still efficiently serve their purpose due to the fact that the portion of each woof thread between each loop thereof is tightly interwoven in the body of the fabric A on each side of the loop., v

Yll`he fabric herein described, comprises in edect two layers, one of which is formed of interwoven woof and warp threads, and the other formed of a plurality of laterally separated loops. With a fabric so devised,

the layer of loops extends through the rubber v tread between the upper and lower surfaces thereof and said layer of loops serve to hold Vthe rubber tread to the inner casing lining of the tire.

Although l have shown and described my improved fabric as being interposed between the outer rubber portion or tread and the inner canvas lining of a tire, it is to be of course understood that I may dispense with the inner canvas lining and use in place thereof one or several layers of my fabric. In such ease the rubber fillings 18, 18, are used, and, when the rubber parts are vulu canized, the several layers of my fabric are united together, and the outer rubber portion of the tire is anchored to the fabric layers.

Although l have shown and described one specific way in which my fabric may be woven and applied. to a tire, yet it is to be understood that the specific manner in which the threads are interwoven, and the specific manner in which the fabric is applied to the tire may be variouslychanged and modified without departing from the spirit or scope of my invention, and l do not Wish to be limited to the exact details of the weave of the fabric, or the exact manner in which the same is applied, except as pointed out in. the appended claim.

l claim as my invention:

ne tire, composed of rubber, and a fabric, the latter comprising a body consisting of interwoven warp and Woof threads, Vand a plurality of laterally spaced, relatively stout threads, the latter projecting above the body of the fabric and being embedded in the rubber of the tire. c

ln testimony, that l claim the foregoing as my invention li afx my signature in the presence of two witnesses, tins 17th day of `November A. D. 1914.

y v LEN JAY CAMPBELL. Witnesses:

EUGENE (l. WANN,

LILLIAN HEDBERG.

titi

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diepten of this patent may be obtained for uve centr eeen, by addressing the commissioner or Patents, Washington, 1D. G. 

